What is the process of cell division in bacteria called?

The process of cell division in bacteria is called binary fission. This method of reproduction is a more straightforward means of cell division compared to those found in eukaryotic organisms, such as mitosis or meiosis. In binary fission, a single bacterial cell replicates its DNA and then divides into two identical daughter cells. This process includes several stages: the DNA is first replicated, the cell grows in size, and then it splits in half, with each new cell containing a copy of the original DNA.

Binary fission is particularly efficient for bacteria, allowing for rapid population growth under favorable conditions. The simplicity of this process, compared to the more complex mechanisms of mitosis and meiosis, is a significant factor in the ability of bacteria to adapt and thrive in various environments. This method ensures that genetic material is accurately passed on during reproduction, maintaining the characteristics of the bacterial strain.